{"id":21,"date":"2013-05-01T13:02:25","date_gmt":"2013-05-01T13:02:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/silks.csb.gov.in\/aizawl\/?page_id=21"},"modified":"2023-04-10T09:11:35","modified_gmt":"2023-04-10T09:11:35","slug":"infrastructure-and-equipments","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/silks.csb.gov.in\/morigaon\/infrastructure-and-equipments\/","title":{"rendered":"Infrastructure and Equipments"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Infrastructure and Equipments<\/strong><\/h1>\n
Hot Air Drier<\/strong><\/h5>\n

Cocoons that are to be stored for long periods prior to reeling need to be dried to the optimum levels in order to achieve better quality of raw silk.\u00a0 This method achieves the major objective of hardening of the sericin uniformly in all layers of the cocoon shell, besides killing of the pupa and removal of the moisture.\u00a0 Further, optimal drying prevents fungus attack.\u00a0 These objectives cannot be achieved by the traditional steam stifling.\u00a0 Hot air drying can be achieved by employing a batch type hot air drier or a Ushnakoti.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/h3>\n

\"\"<\/h3>\n

CSTRI cocoon sorting table<\/strong><\/h5>\n

 <\/p>\n

Defective cocoons can be sorted out effectively using a cocoon-sorting table developed by CSTRI, which is of low cost and affordable. The rectangular shape sorting table consists of a hopper for feeding the cocoons on to the semi translucent glass top below which fluorescent tube lights are fixed. Defective cocoons are sorted out manually and good cocoons collected separately.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/h3>\n

Use of pressing disc for open pan cooking<\/strong>:<\/h5>\n

In order to improve the cooking efficiency of the cocoons in open pan method of cooking, a small gadget namely the pressing disc has been developed by CSTRI and recommended. The methodology followed is:<\/p>\n

    \n
  • Put the cocoons in the open pan-cooking vessel at 85-90 \u00b0C and press them slightly using the pressing disc so that the cocoons are immersed in the water for about 60 seconds.<\/li>\n
  • Then press the cocoon to the bottom of cooking vessel and the cocoons are treated at 93-96 \u00b0C for about 60 to 120 seconds.<\/li>\n
  • Again the cocoons are brought back to the top surface of the open pan and cold water is sprinkled to reduce the temperature from 93 to 96 \u00b0C to 85-90 \u00b0C in about 60 seconds.\u00a0 Then the cocoons are brushed and taken for reeling.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    \"\"<\/h3>\n

    CSTRI multifuel economic oven<\/strong><\/h5>\n

     <\/p>\n

    CSTRI model multifuel economic oven is recommended for the reelers who do not have boilers for cooking purpose.<\/p>\n

     <\/p>\n

    \"\"<\/h3>\n

    CSTRI Three pan cooking equipment<\/strong><\/h5>\n

    In order to cook the hot air dried bivoltine cocoons effectively three-pan cooking can be adopted. The procedure for three pan cooking (with water as media) is as follows.<\/p>\n

      \n
    • The cage with cocoons is immersed in first cooking pan at 50 -55 \u00b0C for about 45 – 60 seconds.<\/li>\n
    • The cage is transferred to second cooking pan, which is at 90 – 93\u00b0C for about 90 – 120 seconds.<\/li>\n
    • The cage is then dipped in third pan at 60 – 65 \u00b0C for about 45 – 60 seconds.<\/li>\n
    • The cage is\u00a0 then\u00a0 returned to the second pan at a boiling temperature of about<\/li>\n
    • 95-96 \u00b0C for 90 – 120 seconds.<\/li>\n
    • Steam supply is stopped and cold water is sprinkled on the cage for about 10 seconds.<\/li>\n
    • The cage is opened and the cocoons are transferred to the cooking pan. The floating cocoons are then pressed using perforated pressing plate for 30 seconds without steam and 30 – 45 seconds with steam.<\/li>\n
    • Steam supply to the pan is stopped and cold water is sprinkled gradually\u00a0 on the cocoons to reduce the temperature to 70 – 80 \u00b0C gradually.<\/li>\n
    • The cocoons are then brushed at 75 – 80 \u00b0C and transferred to reeling basin.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      \"Description:<\/h3>\n

      Circular pressurised cooking machine<\/strong><\/h5>\n

      For large scale reeling establishments it is advisable to adopt circular pressurised\u00a0 cooking technique for hot air dried bivoltine cocoons to achieve better productivity and quality raw silk.\u00a0 The methodology to be followed is as follows.<\/p>\n

        \n
      • The cooking vessel shall be filled with water up to half level mark.<\/li>\n
      • Dry cocoons are then filled up in the baskets.<\/li>\n
      • The water temperature is raised to 70 to 75 \u00b0C by passing steam.<\/li>\n
      • The cocoon baskets are immersed at 70 -75 \u00b0C for about 45 – 60 seconds.<\/li>\n
      • The baskets are raised above the water level and steamed by passing steam at 90 – 93\u00b0C for about 90 – 120 seconds.<\/li>\n
      • The baskets along with cocoons are immersed in water at 70 – 75 \u00b0C for about 60 – 90 seconds for low temperature permeation.<\/li>\n
      • After low permeation, the cocoons are raised above the water level and kept at about 80 \u00b0C. During the same period the water temperature will be raised to 97 \u00b0C.<\/li>\n
      • \u00a0The cocoons are again steamed above water level at a boiling temperature of about 97 – 98 \u00b0C for 90 – 120 seconds to cook the cocoons.<\/li>\n
      • After cooking treatment the cocoons are immersed at 97 \u00b0C water and allowed to stand for 60 – 90 seconds.<\/li>\n
      • Then the steam valve will be closed and the lid will be opened.<\/li>\n
      • Cold water is sprinkled (Initially very gradually and later rapidly) to reduce the water temperature from 97 \u00b0C to 75 \u00b0C in about 4 – 6 minutes.<\/li>\n
      • \u00a0The cocoons are taken from the baskets and stored at 40 \u00b0C water.<\/li>\n
      • \u00a0The cooked cocoons are brushed at about 80 \u00b0C and transferred to reeling basin.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        \"\"<\/h3>\n

        Cottage Basin Reeling Machine:<\/strong><\/h5>\n
          CSTRI has done following modification in the existing cottage basin:<\/p>\n
        • Modification of thread passage<\/li>\n
        • Introduction of Jetteboutte<\/li>\n
        • Replacing ordinary conventional rollers with Croissure pulleys<\/li>\n
        • Replacing wooden small reels with plastic reels.<\/li>\n
        • Replacing ordinary reeling button with improper hole size with ceramic button with appropriate hole size.<\/li>\n
        • Introducing side brushing mechanism and simple individual reel stop motion<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          \"\"<\/h3>\n

          \"\"<\/h3>\n

          <\/strong><\/p>\n

          \"\"<\/h3>\n

          \"\"<\/h3>\n

          CSTRI Multiend reeling machine<\/h5>\n

          It is recommended to reel bivoltine cocoons on Multiend reeling machine in order to produce superior grade raw silk with following reeling parameters (6 & 7).<\/p>\n

          1.\u00a0\u00a0 Reel speed\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0:\u00a0 100 – 120 meters\/min.,<\/p>\n

          2.\u00a0\u00a0 Croissure length\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0:\u00a0 8 cms for 20\/22 denier.<\/p>\n

          3.\u00a0\u00a0 Reeling basin water temperature\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0:\u00a0 40 \u00b0C<\/p>\n

          4.\u00a0\u00a0 Good quality reeling button with appropriate hole size should be used.<\/p>\n

          \"\"<\/h3>\n

          CSTRI small reel vacuum permeation chamber<\/strong><\/h5>\n

          Wetting of raw silk on small reels before re-reeling is very essential for better re-reeling performance.\u00a0 This process softens the gum spots between the silk threads on the small reel and facilitates smooth unwinding.\u00a0 CSTRI has developed a small reel vacuum permeation chamber with capacity of 20 reels to achieve this objective.<\/p>\n

          In the reel permeation chamber small reels are soaked in water with wetting agent using low pressure (vacuum up to 300 mm Hg to 400 mm Hg).\u00a0 Permeation is achieved by creating vacuum condition for 1-2 minutes and released.\u00a0 This cycle is repeated three times to achieve better reel permeation.<\/p>\n

          \"\"<\/h3>\n

          CSTRI closed type re-reeling machine<\/strong><\/h5>\n

          Silk reeled on the small reels are converted into standard size skeins in re-reeling machine. Re-reeling machine and its mechanical condition and re-reeling process parameters play a significant role on the production of quality silk, particularly winding performance of silk skeins.<\/p>\n

          CSTRI has standardized the specifications of closed type of re-reeling machine for production of quality silk.\u00a0 From the studies conducted at CSTRI following re-reeling process parameters are recommended.<\/p>\n

          Re-reeling speeds for different raw silk deniers as follows:<\/p>\n

          Size<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Speed of normal re-reeling machine<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

          14 d\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 150\u00a0 \u00b1\u00a0 10 rpm<\/p>\n

          21 d\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 160\u00a0 \u00b1\u00a0 10 rpm<\/p>\n

          27 d\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 150\u00a0 \u00b1\u00a0 10 rpm<\/p>\n

          42 d\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 130\u00a0 \u00b1\u00a0 10 rpm<\/p>\n

          Temperature and humidity to be maintained in the re-reeling section and re-reeling machine are as follows:<\/p>\n

          Temperature<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Relative humidity<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

          In the re-reeling section\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0 20 – 30\u00b0 C\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 65 \u00b1 5%<\/p>\n

          In the re-reeling machine\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 35 – 40\u00b0 C \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a040 \u00b1 5 %<\/p>\n

          \"\"<\/h3>\n
          Lacing of silk skeins<\/strong><\/h5>\n

          The silk skeins should be laced at six places using cotton thread in the form of figure \u201c8\u201d so that the coils of silk will be retained without entanglement.<\/p>\n

          In order to facilitate finding of ends of skeins during winding process it is essential to join and tie the top end and tail end together by extra lacing thread, which is inserted in the middle of the width of the skeins.<\/p>\n

          \"\"<\/h3>\n

          Cleaning of silk skeins<\/h5>\n

          The re-reeled silk should be cleaned for gum spots and extraneous impurities gently by hand without damaging the silk threads.\u00a0 During lacing, cleaning, skeining and book making extra care should be taken to avoid end breakages in the skeins.<\/p>\n

          \"\"<\/h3>\n

          CSTRI Long skein book making machine<\/strong><\/h5>\n

          The laced silk in the form of hanks is made in to skeins.\u00a0 Care should be taken to avoid any break of silk threads during skeining.\u00a0 In order to avoid mishandling of raw silk and to keep the silk intact (without entanglements) it is recommended to practice long skeining and long skein book making. In order to popularise long skeining and long skein book making amongst reelers, CSTRI has developed a hand operated economical model long skeining and long skein book making equipment for Indian silk reeling units.\u00a0 In this method long skeins are made into 5 Kg. books.<\/p>\n

          \"\"<\/h3>\n

          Source:<\/strong><\/h5>\n

          Central Silk Technological Research Institute, Central Silk Board, Bangalore<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

          Infrastructure and Equipments Hot Air Drier Cocoons that are to be stored for long periods prior to reeling need to be dried to the optimum levels in order to achieve better quality of raw silk.\u00a0 This method achieves the major objective of hardening of the sericin uniformly in all layers of the cocoon shell, besides […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/silks.csb.gov.in\/morigaon\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/21"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/silks.csb.gov.in\/morigaon\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/silks.csb.gov.in\/morigaon\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/silks.csb.gov.in\/morigaon\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/silks.csb.gov.in\/morigaon\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=21"}],"version-history":[{"count":9,"href":"https:\/\/silks.csb.gov.in\/morigaon\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/21\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":748,"href":"https:\/\/silks.csb.gov.in\/morigaon\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/21\/revisions\/748"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/silks.csb.gov.in\/morigaon\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=21"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}