{"id":230,"date":"2013-05-01T14:08:08","date_gmt":"2013-05-01T14:08:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/silks.csb.gov.in\/aizawl\/?page_id=230"},"modified":"2023-10-19T10:31:03","modified_gmt":"2023-10-19T10:31:03","slug":"allied-sectors-occupations","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/silks.csb.gov.in\/sikkim\/allied-sectors-occupations\/","title":{"rendered":"Allied Sectors & Occupations"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n
\n

Allied Sectors and Occupations<\/h1>\n

<\/p>\n

Silkworm Seed\/Egg Production<\/h4>\n

Mulberry Seed\/Egg Production<\/h4>\n

Disinfection of grainage and implements<\/b>
\n<\/p>\n

    \n
  • Bamboo made house with thatched roof and mud-plastered wall is preferable for grainage.<\/li>\n
  • Disinfect the grainage rooms and appliances prior to commencement of operation. <\/li>\n
  • Wash the rooms and appliances with 5% bleaching powder solution before one day.<\/li>\n
  • Dry the appliances in sun shine for 3-4 hours before one day. <\/li>\n
  • Disinfect the rooms and appliances with a mixture of 2% formalin, 0.5-1% lime and 0.5% detergent solutions @ 1L\/ sq.m after one day.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n


    \nPupal examination<\/b><\/p>\n

      \n
    • Separate out the melted, flimsy and good cocoons.<\/li>\n
    • Take out the gut portion and observe under microscope. <\/li>\n
    • Reject the lot in case there is incidence of pebrine.<\/li>\n
    • Disinfect the contaminated room before the arrival of new lots.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n


      \nPreservation and protection of seed cocoons<\/b><\/p>\n

        \n
      • Immediately after the receipt of seed cocoons, spread them on trays in a single layer to facilitate good aeration.<\/li>\n
      • Reject the seed cocoons which are melted, uzi infested, flimsy and not conforming to the characteristics of parent races.<\/li>\n
      • Preserve only the healthy seed cocoons in trays for further processing.<\/li>\n
      • Provide cross ventilation in the preservation room.<\/li>\n
      • Maintain temperature at 25 ± 1˚C, relative humidity of 75 ± 5%, 16 hour light and 8 hour dark conditions in the cocoon preservation room. <\/li>\n
      • Maintain complete darkness one day prior to emergence to avoid irregular emergence of moths.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n


        \nEarly eclosion\/ artificial eclosion\/ forced eclosion of moths <\/b><\/p>\n

          \n
        • This helps in determining the disease freeness of a batch and helps in minimizing the loss to grainage.<\/li>\n
        • For early emergence of moths, 50-60 seed cocoons are taken from individual lots and placed into an artificial eclosion box.<\/li>\n
        • Maintain the temperature at 32-33 0C with the help of thermostat. This accelerates the development of pupae and moth emerges early.<\/li>\n
        • Examine the early emerged female moths of respective lots are under microscope to know the disease freeness of lots. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          \n Synchronization of emergence of moths, pairing, depairing and oviposition<\/b><\/p>\n

            \n
          • Keep the cocoon preservation room dark before the expected day of emergence of moths.<\/li>\n
          • In case of variation in development of male or female pupae, the development of male pupae can be arrested by preserving them at 5-7 0C and 75 \u00b1 5% relative humidity for 3-4 days.<\/li>\n
          • Only healthy and active moths are taken for pairing.<\/li>\n
          • After 1-2 hours of emergence, the male and female moths of respective combination are allowed for 3.5 to 4 hours of pairing. <\/li>\n
          • At the time of depairing, the male and female moths are to be moved side way so that the moths are separated easily without causing injury to reproductive organs. <\/li>\n
          • The mated female moths are taken in a separate container and induced for urination. <\/li>\n
          • Moths are placed on egg sheet and covered with cellules and kept in semi dark condition for oviposition. <\/li>\n
          • Under proper preservation (5-7 0C), male moths can be used for second pairing by giving 1-2 hours rest. <\/li>\n
          • Throughout the process of pairing, depairing and oviposition, optimum temperature of 25 ± 1 0C and relative humidity of 75 ± 5% should be maintained.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            \n Moth examination<\/b><\/p>\n

              \n
            • Examine the mother moth either individually or in mass for pebrine disease.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n


              \nSurface sterilization of eggs<\/b><\/p>\n

                \n
              • Dip the egg sheets in 2% formalin for 10-15 minutes. This helps in removal of pathogens adhering to the egg shell and further prevents secondary contamination.<\/li>\n
              • Wash the eggs in formalin solution. It helps in firm adherence of eggs to the sheet.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n


                \nIncubation eggs<\/b>
                \nMaintain temperature of 25 \u00b1 1˚C, relative humidity of 75 \u00b1 5%, 16 hours of light and 8 hours darkness.
                \nDuring the pinhead stage or before two days of hatching, maintain total darkness for uniform development of embryo and hatching of larvae at a time on a single day.<\/p>\n

                Source:<\/h5>\n

                <\/p>\n

                1. Package of practices of Muga, Eri and Mulberry Sericulture for North Eastern region of India, 2005, Central Muga Eri Research & Training Institute, Lahdoigarh, Jorhat, Assam.
                \n2. Directory of Sericulture Technology 2008, Karnataka State Sericulture Research and Development Institute, Bangalore- 560 062.<\/p>\n

                <\/i><\/p>\n

                Muga Seed\/Egg Production<\/h1>\n

                \nGrainage hall<\/b><\/p>\n

                  \n
                • Bamboo made house with thatched roof and mud-plastered wall is preferable for grainage.<\/li>\n
                • All round varanda is suitable for keeping the temperature down.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n


                  \nMaterial required for grainage operation<\/b>
                  \nChemicals:<\/b> Formalin, Bleaching powder, Lime powder, Potassium hydroxide.
                  \nEquipment and Accessories: Spray machine, BOD incubator, Microscope, Micro-slides & cover slip, Moth crushing set, Mask and Gloves, Moth cage, Foam pad, Measuring cylinder, Balance (readability- 0.1 g) Scissor, Muslin cloth, Bucket , Thread, etc.
                  \n
                  \nDisinfection <\/b><\/p>\n

                    \n
                  • Disinfection should be done 3-4 days prior to receipt of seed cocoons and immediately after completion of grainage operation.<\/li>\n
                  • Drench the walls of the hall and grainage appliances with 5% bleaching powder solution.<\/li>\n
                  • Seal the grainage hall airtight and put all appliances inside.<\/li>\n
                  • Apply fresh disinfectants in the grainage hall and keeps the room closed for 24 hours.<\/li>\n
                  • Amount of disinfectants to be used @ 1 l\/ 2.5 sq. m floor area. <\/li>\n
                  • Open the hall one day prior to consignment of seed cocoons.<\/li>\n
                  • Use mask and hand gloves during disinfection.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                    \nSelection, collection and transportation of seed cocoons<\/b><\/p>\n

                      \n
                    • Select well-formed healthy cocoons for seed production (Male: 4-4.5g, Female: 5-6g) at a female:male ratio of 60:40.<\/li>\n
                    • In case of cocoons taken from the early part of spinning, keep the early spun cocoons in BOD incubator for 4-5 days at 10 0C to synchronize moth emergence.<\/li>\n
                    • Before selection of seed cocoons, pupal gut test must be done to ensure disease freeness of the lot.<\/li>\n
                    • Cocoons from highest ripening day or one day prior\/ after are preferable.<\/li>\n
                    • Transport seed cocoons after complete pupation avoiding direct sunlight, rain, jerk, etc.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n


                      \nStorage of seed cocoons<\/b><\/p>\n

                        \n
                      • Keep seed cocoons in moth cages in single layer to facilitate proper aeration and easy emergence.<\/li>\n
                      • Maintain proper aeration in the grainage hall.<\/li>\n
                      • Temperature between 26 to 28 0C and relative humidity of 80±5% are suitable for grainage operation.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n


                        \nMoth emergence and coupling <\/b><\/p>\n

                          \n
                        • Emergence usually takes place at dusk and continues till midnight.<\/li>\n
                        • Place emerged male and female moth in mating cage at 1:5 ratio for easy coupling and put the cage in a well aerated dark and cool place.<\/li>\n
                        • Allow 7-8 hours of coupling. Female moth should be put into netlon oviposition pouch individually (9 x 3 x 3 cm in size) for egg laying.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n


                          Oviposition <\/b><\/p>\n

                            \n
                          • Arrange the pouch in a rack (50 cft in volume ) in the grainage hall.<\/li>\n
                          • Allow to lay egg for 3 days.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n


                            \nMoth examination<\/b><\/p>\n

                              \n
                            • On the 4th day, resort to individual mother moths examination for detection of pebrine disease.<\/li>\n
                            • Conduct two-tier examination of mother moths crushing the midgut of the mother in 2% Potassium solution.<\/li>\n
                            • Burn perbrinzed and other diseased moth along with diseased eggs and Kharika.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n


                              \nSurface sterilization of eggs<\/b><\/p>\n

                                \n
                              • Wash the eggs with soap solution and then carry out surface sterilization by putting the eggs in 2% formaldehyde solution for 2-3 minutes.<\/li>\n
                              • After sterilization, wash the eggs in running water till smell of formalin goes off.<\/li>\n
                              • Dry the eggs in shade.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n


                                \nIncubation of eggs<\/b><\/p>\n

                                  \n
                                • Keep the dried eggs in BOD incubator at 261 oC with 855% RH.<\/li>\n
                                • Put some saturated solution of calcium chloride at the bottom of the BOD incubation to keep the RH within the required range.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n


                                  \nEgg transportation<\/b><\/p>\n

                                    \n
                                  • Avoid stuffing of egg packets inside bags\/poly bags.<\/li>\n
                                  • Transport dfls in separated perforated paper packets.<\/li>\n
                                  • For transportation in bulk quantity, make bags for 50 dfls with muslin cloth\/ cotton mosquito net and fit individual bag in a wooden frame.<\/li>\n
                                  • Carry the bags in plastic baskets avoiding heat, jerk, etc.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n


                                    \nHygiene<\/b><\/p>\n

                                      \n
                                    • Burn dead and melted cocoons.<\/li>\n
                                    • Dispose-off pierced cocoons as soon as possible.<\/li>\n
                                    • Dispose the crushed materials, moths, grainage waste, etc. in soak pit treating with 5% bleaching powder solution or burn them.<\/li>\n
                                    • Wash hands with alkaline soap and then with 2% bleaching powder solution before entering into grainage hall.<\/li>\n
                                    • Keep a foot mat soaked with 5% formalin in front of the grainage hall
                                      \n
                                      \n <\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                      <\/font><\/p>\n

                                      Source:<\/h4>\n

                                      <\/font><\/b><\/i>
                                      \n1. Package of practices of Muga, Eri and Mulberry Sericulture for North Eastern region of India, 2005, Central Muga Eri Research & Training Institute, Lahdoigarh, Jorhat, Assam.
                                      \n2. Directory of Sericulture Technology 2008, Karnataka State Sericulture Research and Development Institute, Bangalore- 560 062.
                                      \n <\/i>
                                      \n<\/font>
                                      \n
                                      \n  <\/font><\/b>\n<\/div>\n

                                      Eri Seed\/Egg Production<\/h1>\n
                                      Seed cocoon selection<\/h5>\n

                                      \"\"<\/p>\n

                                        \n
                                      • Select cocoons based on physical characteristics e.g. compactness, shape, size and number of cocoon per kg (not more than 350 cocoons\/kg). <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                                        Disinfection of grainage room<\/strong><\/h5>\n
                                          \n
                                        • Wash the grainage room and appliances with 5% bleaching powder solution, 3 days before consignment of seed cocoons.<\/li>\n
                                        • Same disinfection procedure should be adopted after completion of grainage.<\/li>\n
                                        • In the event of pebrine incidence during grainage, fumigate with 5% formaldehyde solution under high humid condition with the appliances inside.<\/li>\n
                                        • Open the room after 24 hours.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                          <\/p>\n

                                          Transportation of seed cocoon<\/strong><\/h5>\n
                                            \n
                                          • Transport the cocoons in plastic trays during early morning or in the evening hours to avoid direct exposure to sunlight.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                                            Storage of seed cocoon<\/strong><\/h5>\n
                                              \n
                                            • Seed cocoons are stored in single layers @ 500 cocoons per tray (size 3ft x 2ft) arranged in racks. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                                              Emergence of moths and sorting of couplings<\/strong>:<\/strong><\/h5>\n

                                              <\/p>\n

                                                \n
                                              • Moth emergence occurs after 17-18 days of spinning in summer and 30 t0 35 days in winter. <\/li>\n
                                              • Moth emergence takes place in the evening hours as well as in the morning hours.\u00a0 <\/li>\n
                                              • Collect the emerged moths in moth cage approximately in the ratio of male :
                                                \nfemale at 60 : 40. The paired moths are allowed to couple for 6 hrs.<\/li>\n
                                              • Decouple the moths and allow the female moths to lay eggs on kharika\/pouch. <\/u><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                                                Moth Examination <\/strong><\/h5>\n
                                                  \n
                                                • Conduct microscopic examination of mother moths on 3rd day for basic and 0n 4th day for commercial seed following Fujiwara technique. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                                  \"\"<\/p>\n

                                                  Harvesting of eggs<\/strong><\/h5>\n
                                                    \n
                                                  • Collect all the disease free layings alongwith the kharika in a tray for harvesting. Transfer the harvested eggs to a piece of nylon net for washing. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                                                    Degumming and surface sterilization of eggs<\/strong><\/h5>\n
                                                      \n
                                                    • Dip the eggs in 0.2% bleaching solution for 5 minutes.<\/li>\n
                                                    • Wash the eggs with fresh water and soap and finally with fresh water. <\/li>\n
                                                    • Spread the sterilized eggs on a blotting paper for drying in the shade. <\/li>\n
                                                    • Weigh the dried eggs and pack in specially designed egg boxes for supply. <\/li>\n

                                                      \"\"\n<\/ul>\n

                                                      Source<\/strong><\/h5>\n

                                                      Eri Silkworm Seed Production Centre, Azara, Guwahati<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                                                      Allied Sectors and Occupations Silkworm Seed\/Egg Production Mulberry Seed\/Egg Production Disinfection of grainage and implements Bamboo made house with thatched roof and mud-plastered wall is preferable for grainage. Disinfect the grainage rooms and appliances prior to commencement of operation.  Wash the rooms and appliances with 5% bleaching powder solution before one day. Dry the appliances […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/silks.csb.gov.in\/sikkim\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/230"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/silks.csb.gov.in\/sikkim\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/silks.csb.gov.in\/sikkim\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/silks.csb.gov.in\/sikkim\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/silks.csb.gov.in\/sikkim\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=230"}],"version-history":[{"count":21,"href":"https:\/\/silks.csb.gov.in\/sikkim\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/230\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":682,"href":"https:\/\/silks.csb.gov.in\/sikkim\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/230\/revisions\/682"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/silks.csb.gov.in\/sikkim\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=230"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}