Mulbery silk pangang natna leh tichhetu rannungte.

1. A NATNATE

GRASSERIE

Natna thlentu: 

Bombyx Mori Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus.

A natna awm duh hun:

Kum tluanin a awm thei a. Fur ruahtui tlak laileh khaw lumlai hian a tam bik.

Natna a lo kai dan:

Thingthei hmu hnah, hetiang natna lo awm tawhna a eiin a kai. Grasserie vei pangngangin tuiril paw deuh a luak chhuah a dangin an kaiin he natna hi a lo vei ve thin a, a natna lo vei tawh awmna thlangra leh hmanraw dangte, a khawina inte hmannawn lehin a lo kai thei bawk a ni.

A natna awm duhnate:

Khaw lum, boruak ro leh Theihmu hnah tha tawk lo.

A natna lan chhuah dan:

• A inlip hmain a vun a lo dang hle thin a, a inlip thei lo hial thin.
• A taksa a lo eng a, a lo vung bawk thin.
• Natna vei pangang chu a awm hle hle thei lova, thlangra chhuatah te a tlangahte a vak vel ruai thin.
• Natna vei Pangang taksa chu a lo kehin a lo tui chhuak thin.

A enkawl dan tur:

• Pangang khawina In tha taka damdawia kah thianghlim tur, Hmanruate leh In chheh velte nen.
• Pangang khawi hmasaka natna an lo vei tawh chuan 0.3% slaked lime hmangin in leh hmanrua te kah thianghlim tur.
• Pangang khawitu chu a fai tur a ni a, Pangang pawh fel fai leh thianghlim taka khawi tur a ni.
• Pangang thi reng reng, lakkhawm a, phum bo emaw halral tur a ni.
• Pangnag khawina In chhungah Temperature leh Humidity dik tak vawn tur a ni.
• Pangang chu thawl taka dah tur a ni a, theihmu hnah hrisel tha chauh pek tur a ni.
• Pangnag damdawi dip chu  a hman dan tur dik taka hman tur a ni.
• Grasserie  ven nan a pek dan tur dik takin Amruth pek tur.

2. FLACHERIE:

A natna thlentu:

Bombyx mori Infectious flacherie virus/Bombyx mori Densonucleosis virus or different pathogenic bacteria viz. Streptococcus sp./ Staphylococcus  sp./Bacillus thuringiensis/ Serratia marscesence individually or in combination of bacteria and viruses.

Natna awm hun:

Nipui leh fur laiin a tam duh.

Natna a kai dan:

Theihmu hnah flacherie natna hrik awmna a eiin a kai thin. Pangang thi atanga a ka leh taksa vel atanga tui lo huh chhuak hi a inkaih darhna awlsam taka ni. Pangang vun tih hliam palh, tih pilh palh atangin a inkai chhawng bawk.

A natna lo awm duhna te:

Lum leh vawt inthlak thut thut, khaw hnawng lutuk leh hnah hrisel tha tawk lo an eiin he natna hi a lo awm duh hle.

A natna vei lan chhuah dan:

• A taksa a lo nem thin.
• Pangang a thang muang a, a che tha peih lova, a luak bawk thin. A changin khaidiat ang deuhin a ek chu a awm a, a tai a tla bawk thin.
• Pangang lu leh a awm vel chu a lo fim thin.
• Bacillus thuringiensis hrikin a khawih chu tur ei ang main an lo zeng thin a, a thi thuai thin. A thih hnuah a taksa chu lo dumin a rim chhe thin.
• Serratia sp. Hrikin a khawihte chu thih hnuah a taksa a lo sen thin.

A enkawlna:

• Pangang khawina in te hmanrua te, in chheh velte chu tha taka Disinfect tur a ni.
• Pangang thi chu lakkhawm a hal ral thin tur a ni.
• Pangang chu hnah tha leh thianghlim chauh pek tur. Hnah kaurau te, hnah dah rei tawh te, hnah bal bawlhhlawhte pekloh tur a ni.
• Pangnag chu riltam taka dah loh tur, tawt taka dah loh tur, a ek leh bawlhhlawh nawi nen inchiahpiahtir loh tur.
• Temperature leh Humidity dik taka vawn sak tur.
• Pangang khawih nat loh tur, tih pem loh tur.
• Flacherie ven nan a pek dan tur dik takin Amruth pek tur.

3. MUSCARDINE.

A natna awmtirtu:

Fungal natna zingah hian White Muscardine hi a lar ber a. He natna hi Beauveria bassiaia in a awmtir a ni.

A hluar hun:

Fur laileh thlasiklaiin a hluar duh.

A inkaichhawn dan:

Pangang thi bawmtu (Conidia) nen a in dehin a kai thei a. Hetiang pangnag thi bawmtu thil leng vel hian a dangte a kai chhawng thei a ni.

A awm duhna: 

Hmun vawt hnawng si-ah a awm duh.

A natna lan chhuah dan:

• Pangangin chaw a ei duh lova, a che tha peih lo bawk.
• A vun a lo hnawng/huh thin.
• Pangang chu a luak a, a zawi bawk.
• A thih hnuah zawi zawiin pangang chu a lo khawng a, thil hmuar var ang hian a khuh tlat thin.

A enkawl dan tur:

• Pangang khawina in, hmanruate leh a chheh velte chu Dan ang thlapin Disinfect thin tur a ni.
• Theihmu huana thingtheihmute chu rannung lakah venhim tur.
• Pangang thite chu hmuarin a khuh hmain lakkhawm a halral tur.
• Boruak vawt si hnawng bawk si, pangang khawina in chhungah pumpelh tur. A tul chuan Meihawl chhem lum emaw, electric heater emaw hmanga room chu tih lum tur.
• Pangang inlip laiin Powder dip phul theihnghilh loh tur.
• Thlangra chunga phul chi Bed disinfectant eng chi pawh hman dan tur ang taka hman tur.

4.PEBRINE:

A natna awmtirtu:  Nosema bombysis

A awm hun: Awm hun bik a nei lo.

Natna a  kai dan:

A thlahtu a pui atangin a kai chhanwg thei. Theihmu hnaha he natna awm pangnagin a eiin a kai thei. Pebrine natna vei pangang nena dah pawlhin a inkai chhawng thei, hetiang natna vei khawina hnu Rearing House leh hmanraw hlui atangin a kai leh thei a. Theihmu ei chhetu rannung atangin a kai thei bawk.

A natna lan chhuah dan:

• Pebrine natna vei chu a tui a keu rual lo.
• Pangang a inlenhleih nuai a, a inlip rual lo bawk.
• Pangang chuan chaw a ei duh lova, a che tha peih lo va, a vun a la chuar thin.
• Pangang vunah chuan hmarcha mu dum ang deuh a lo lang chhuak thin.
• Enlenna-a enin Pebrine hrik hi chiang takin a hmuh theih a ni.

A inven dan turte:

• Pangang khawina in, hmanruate leh a chheh velte chu Dan ang thlapin Disinfect thin tur a ni.
• Pangang tui Pebrine natna atanga fihlim chauh lak tur a ni.
• Pangang khawi laiin a hriselna lam ngaihtuahin fai leh fimkhur taka engkim tih tur.
• Theihmu huanah theihmu ei chhetu rannung awmtir loh tur.
• Pangang khawi laiin, thlangra phulna tur damdawi dip chu hman dan tur dik taka hman tur a ni.
• Pangang chi chhuah tur khawitu ten Pebrine an vei loh nan fimnkhur leh zualin an enkawl tur a ni.

Pangang Khawina leh a chhehvel leh hmanruate kah thianghlim (Disinfection)

Disinfection atan hian CSR & TI, Mysore chuan hengte hi a recommend a ni:

0.05% Asthra solution:

(Astra gram 50, tui litre khatah pawlh tur, tha taka chawhpawlh hnuah a damdawi inchiah ral nan darkar 2 dah tur)

2.5% Sanitech/Serichlor in 0.5% Slaked lime solution:

Litre 100 a tam siam turin, activator gram 250 bucket-ah dah la; sanitech/serichlor damdawi litres 2.5 leih lut leh la. Minutes 10 chiah la chumi hnuah tuiah chuan pawlh la. Chumi hnuah slaked lime gram 500 pawlh leh a tha tak chawh tur a ni.

2% Bleaching Powder in 0.3% slaked lime solution:

He damdawi hi litre 100 siam turin, Bleaching Powder Kg 2 leh slaked lime gram 300 chu tui tlemte in chawhkawi tur a ni. Tha taka chawh kawi hnuah tui-ah chuan pawlha tha taka chawh ral tur a ni a, minute 10 chiah leh hnuah a chung fim chu hman tur a ni.

0.3% Slaked lime solution:

  Pangang khawi hmasakin viral disease a awm a nih chuan – Tui litres 100-ah slaked lime gram 300 pawlh la, nasa takin chawk la. Minutes 10 chiah la, a chung tui fim chu hman theih a ni ang.

• Disinfection atana damdawi mamawh zat hi, pangang khawina in zau zawng azir zelin a danglam.
• Disinfection atan damdawi mamawh zat chu, chhuat metre khat bial atan litre 1 leh a chanve zel ang a ni.
• Rearing House te, hmanraw chi hrang hrangte leh a chhehvelte chu, pangnag khawi tan hmain vawi khat, pangnag khawi zawh veleh vawi khat (Pangnag vawi 1 khawiah vawi 2 zel) Disinfection tih thin tur a ni.

RANNUNG (PESTS)

Tho Râng (Uzi fly)

A awm duh hun leh a lan chhuah dan:

Tho rang (Uzi fly), Exorista bombysis hi theihmu pangang tichhetu chimawm tak a ni. Cocoon thar tamna hmun Karnataka te, Andra Pradesh leh Tamil Nadu-ah te chuan he tho avang hian Cocoon thar tur za zeal 10-15 velin a tlem phah thin.

Tho Râng hi kum tluanin a awm mai a. fur lai hian a hluar zual. Tho Râng chu pangang vunah a lo tui a, a keu veleh pangang kawchhungah lutin a ei hlum thin. Pangang vun chu ngun taka en a hriat theih a ni.

Tho Râng chu pangang khawina ina a luh veleh pangang vunah chuan 1 emaw 2 emaw zelin a tui lawr thin a. Pangang tam tak pui khatin a tichhe thei. A tui chu ni 2 ni 3 velah a lo keu mai a. Pangang kawchhungah lutin pangang chu a ei ta thin a. Ni 5-7 velah a lung chu a lo puitling a, pangang kaw chhung atang chuan a lo chhuak a, pangang chu a thi thin. Ni khat chhung lekin chhuat leh lei kak karah a buhchium a, ni 10-12 velah lo keu lehin Tho Râng puitling a lo ni leh mai thin. Tho Râng hian pangnag len tawh hnuah a khawih ber.

A ven dan:

• Pangang khawina in tukverh leh kawngkaah nylon net emaw tho luh theih loh nan zar tur.
• Kawngka chu luh veleha inkhar nghal zel thei tura siam a tha.
• Pangang khawina in luhna kawngka chhung lamah Pindan ruak (anteroom) siam a tha.
• Hnah lawhsa chu pawnah Uzifly tho a awm leh awmloh en fel hmasak zeta in chhunga lakluh tur.

Damdawi hmangin:

• Uzifly tho manna Damdawi, mum khat chu tui litre 1 –a pawlhin thleng varah dah nise, chutiang chu pawnah leh inchhung tukverh bulah dah tur. Hei hi pangnag vawi 2 a inlip zawh atanga tih tan tur a ni.
• Cocoon seng khawm zawhah, pangnag ek phiah khawmte chu pawna paih darh mai lovin, chumi zingah chuan uzifly tui tam tak a awm theih avangin plastic bag-ah  ni 15 – 20 chhung vel phui taka dah tur. Chumi hnuah halral emaw phum bo emaw tur a ni.

Nesolynx thymus:

Rannung chi khat a ni a, chutiang rannung chuan Tho Râng lung, pangang atanga lo chhuakte chu a tih ei hlum thin avangin, pangang len hnuah (vawi li inlip atanga ni 2-na velah) in chhungah chuan chhuah tur a ni.

Hetiang rannung hi Pest Management Lab., CSTRI, Mysore ah lak tur a awm.

2. Dermestid beetles:

A awm duh hun leh a awm dan:

Dermestid beetles hi cocoon kawr-ah a tui thin a. Pui khatin 150-250 te a tui thei. A keu hnuah Cocoon chu ei chhia-in a chhunga buhchium pawh a ei chhe bawk.

A ven dan:

• Cocoon chhia leh pangang tui chhe tawhte rei tak tak kawl loh tur.
• Pangang khawina in leh Cocoon dahna kudam te chu fai taka enkawl tur.
• Grainage hmun hmate chu phengphehlep keu hma leh keu hnuah tihfai ziah tur.
• Cocoon chhe dahna in tuknerh leh kawngkaah te len zar tur.
• Cocoon dahna in leh Grainage-a thing hmanruate reng reng chu 0.2% malathion solution-ah chiah thin tur a ni. Trays leh thil dangte pawh hman hma ni 2 ni 3 velah fai taka sila pho ro leh tur a ni.
• Cocoon dah thatna bag chu Deltametrin damdawia chiah pho ro leh nise a tha a. Damdawia chiah a nih dawn chuan, tui litres 100 ah Damdawi litre 1 pawlh tur a ni.
• Cocoon dah thatna pindan chu Deltamethrin damdawi, 0.028% a takin thla thum danah vawi khat kah tur.

Muga pangnag natnate leh tichhetu rannungte:

Pebrine disease:

Pebrine natna hi Muga silk pangang tichhetu natna hlauhawm ber a ni. A thlahtu (a pui) atanga inkaichhawng zel chi a ni a. He natna hi lo natsat tawh chuan vawi 3 a inlip hmain pangnag zatve lai a thi hman thei. Pangangin a pui atanga kai lova mi dang atanga a kai hian Secondery infection an ti a. Vawi thum a inlip zawh hnu a hetiang natna hi a lo kai chaun Cocoon pan te te a la siam thei a, vawi li a inlip hnua a kai chuan a thih hmain tha takin cocoon a siam hman.

A awm duh hun:  Kum tluanin.

A natna lan chhuah dan:

A tet laia a kaiin

• Pangnag chu pangngai takin a lang a, en lennaa enin a hrik (spores) a hmuh theih.

A len hnua a kaiin –

• Pangangin chaw a ei tha duh lova, a inlen hleih zung a, a than a thu a, a inlip rual lova, pangang chu a rawng a lo hring-dângin a lo eng deuh thin.
• A vun chu a dumin a lo kap a, chuvangin Assamese ho chuan natna tial (Spotted disease)  an ti mai thin.

A lo kai theih dan:

A tui-ah

• A thlahtu (A pui) atangin.
• A tuitirna hmun atangin
• Grainage hmanruate atangin.

A pangangah

• A tuitirna Kharika atangin.
• A natna pai sa pangang khawi atangin
• Pangang natna veite ningnawi atangin.
• Natna hrik awmna hnah ei atangin
• Natna hrik awmna huana pangang khawiin
• Natna hrik lo awm tawhna hmanruate atangin.

A Phengphehlep-ah

• A chi tur cocoon natna kai tawh atangin
• A thlahtu Phengphehlep atangin
• Grainage hmanrua natna hrik awm atangin
• Phengphehlep me atangin
• Grainage chhung boruak khu atangin

Natna inkai darh dan:

Pebrine natna vei pangang chuan a kaah tuiril a tichhuak thin a, a luak bawk a, chungte chu hnahah te, thlangraahte kaiin mi dangin an lo kai phah thin. A bik takin hnaha natna hrik kai a dangin an ei avang leh a keuna tui kawr tlang an ei atangin an inkai duh hle.

A enkawl dan:

• Phengphehlep pui chu, natna a vei leh vei loh hriat nan, a tui zawhah Microscope in nguntaka en tur.
• Grainage tan hma leh a zawh hnuah Inleh hmanrua te chu 2% Formaline in kah thianghlim vek tur.
• Microscope a exam hnua natna nei lo pangang tuite chauh khawi tur.
• Pangang tui chu, 2% Formaline damdawiin minute 5 chiah zel tur.
• Pangang tui siamna hmun leh a chi tur vulhna hmunte chu a faiin a thianghlim tur a ni.
• Basic stock atan chuan Cellular method of rearing, thlangra khata pui khat tui zel vulh hi tih tur a ni.
• Pangang khawina hmanruate chu, hman hmain Damdawia kah/sil thianghlim ngei tur.
• Pebrine hrik hmuh a nihin, a pumpuia paih/ halral vek tur a ni.

Flacherie

Flacherie hi a tlangpuiin Muga pangang mawnga thil puar lo chhuak (tai tla) a ni tlangpui a, bacterial disease a ni. Boruak awm dan (Temperature) leh khaw hnawn dan (humidity) a inthlak thut thut hian he natna hi a lo awm duh a ni. Hnah hrisel tawk lo pek te, hnah huh pek te’n he natna hi a kai duh hle.

A awm duh hun:  June atanga August thla inkar vel ruahtui tlak lai leh khaw lum lai vel hian a tam duh hle.

A natna lan chhuah dan:

• Natna vei pangang chu a lo ngui a, a che vel peih lo.
• A chil leh a kaa tui chhuak te chu a lo dum thin.
• A ek chu khaidiat angin a inzawm thin.
• A tai a tla thin a, a mawng bul a inchar tlat thei bawk.
• Natna vei chu a thi thuai thin.

Natna a kai dan:

• Hnah hrisel lo leh natna hrik awmna a eiin.
• Natna vein thil tui a tih chhuah a dangin an khaih palhin.
• Pangang khawina hmun leh hmanruaah te natna hrik a awmin.

A darh dan:

• Pangang khai lai mekin, natna hrik awmna hnah a eiin.
• Pangang natna vein thil tui a luak chhuah leh ek chhuahte a dangin an khawih palhin
• Pangang lian tawhin hnah no lutuk a eiin
• Pangang khawi laia boruak inthlak thut thut a tamin

A enkawl dan:

• Pangang khawi dawnin Disinfection te, a khawina hmun tur hrisel tha te, a chi thate ngaih pawimawh tur.
• Pangang keu hlimte, ni sain a em hlum mai theihna torah dah loh tur.
• Pangang khawina hmun tur chu 2% Formalin in kah thianghlim tur.
• A hmaa natna a lo vei tawhna hmuna khawi leh tur a nih chuan Formalin-a kah mai bakah slaked lime (3%) in a hmunhma chu kah bawk tur a tur a ni.
• Pangnag khawi laiin ngun taka en thlithlai thin tur a ni a; pangang thang thei bik te, inlip tha thei lo te, rual ban lo leh hrisel lote chu lak khawma hal ral zel tur a ni.
• Natna hrik vei mek nia langte leh rinhlelhawm te chu 5% Formaline nen phum bo zel tur.
• Pangang kuta khawih dawnin, Formalin in kut sil fai hmasak zel tur.
• Pangnag khawina hmun leh hmanruate chu a fai tha/ hrisel tawk tur a ni.
• Pangang chu hnah hrisel tha, natna hrik awm lohnaa chawm tur a ni.
• Pangang lian tawhte chu hnah no eitir tawh loh tur.

Grasserie

Hei hi Muga Silk pangang natna, baculovirus in a siam a ni a. Boruak lum lutuk leh hnawng lutuk te, hnah hrisel tha tawk lo an ei avang ten an lo vei thin.

A awm duh hun:

A natna lan chhuah dan:

• Pangang a inlip tha thei lo.
• Pangang vun a lo pan a, a lo vung mar thin. Vung natna tiin an sawi bawk.
• Pangang kaw chhung chu lo chhiain pangnag chu a thi a. A ke hnunga inham tangin a inkhai reng thin.
• A kaw chhung tuiah hian natna hrik tam tak a awm thin.

A kai dan:

• Natna hrik awmna hnah a eiin
• Pangang hri vei vak darh taksa atanga tuiril chhuak atangin.
• Pangang khawina hmun leh hmanruaahte hri a lo awm tawhin.

A hri darh dan:

Pangang hri vei mekte chuan an kawchhunga natna hrikte chu an taksa tui ril an luak chhuah te, ankal vel naa an kai te, an taksa pem atanga lo chhuak te, pangnag thi atang ten a dang an kai darh chak hle thin. An tak atanga tui chhuak te, pangnag thi taksa keh darh te chuan hnahah te leh a khawina hmanruaah te natna hrik an hnutchhiah a, chu chu a dang an khawih palh emaw an eiin an kai nghal zel a ni.

A enkawl dan:

• Pangang vulh hmain a khawina hmun hma vel chu Formalin 2% in kah tur.
• Damdawi dangte bakah Slaked Lime 3%, in a hmunhma velte phul kual tur.
• Khawi laiin natna vei nia lang pangnag te chu lakkhawma hal ral zel tur.
• Pangnag chu fel fai thianghlim taka khawi tur.
• Pangnag tui natna laka fihlim chiang ngei khawi tur.
• Khawina hnahte chu a hrisel tha ngei tur a ni.

Muscardine

Muscardine hi Silk pangang natna hlauhawm tak a ni. Muga pangang ah hian a hluar vak lo. He natna hi kum 2/3 dan velah chuan a lo lang ve thin. A natna siamtu chu Fungus a ni a, khawvawt hnawng si-ah a awm duh.

A awm duh hun:

 

Thlasik laiin, zan lam a vawh viau laia chhunlam a vawh vak loh lai leh, chum tui pai a tam bawk si lai hian he natna hi a lo piang thin.

A natna lan chhuah dan:

• Natna vei pangang chuan chaw a ei tha duh lova, a che a zawi raih thin.
• Pangang rawng chu a lo dang thin.
• A kai atanga darker 12-18 chhungin a vak peih lo hman.
• Pangang chu thingtangah a inkhai a, a taksa a lo khawng tlat thin.
• Hri a kai tanga darkar 16-18 chhungin a thi hman.
• Darkar 24 chhungin a taksa chu a lo var khawng tlat thin.
• Pangnag thi taksa chu a ro a, a tawih thei lova, a char tlat thin.

Natna a kai dan:

• Pangang thi tawh te taksa atangin.
• Pangang khawina hmun, thingkung leh hmanruate atangin.

A darh dan:

• Pangang thi taksa hmuar ro thliin a chhem len vel atangin.
• Pangang thi taksa, a dangin an deh palhin an kai thin.

A enkawl dan:

• Thlasik laiin ni eng hmu thei lamah pangang note dah tur.
• Pangang khawi tanhmain a khawina hmun chu 2% Formalin-in kah tur.
• Pangang khawi laiin slaked lime a khawina hmunah theh darh tur.
• Pangang awmna sawn a nih laiin CTR&TI, Ranchi siam, Tasar Kit Oushad in pangang chu phul thin tur a ni.
• Pangang chu a inlip atanga ni khat ral hnuah sodium hydroxide solution (0.5%) in kah huh tur a ni.
• Pangang khawi chhungin faina ngaih pawimawh tur.
• Pangang thi leh hri veite chu forceps emaw hmawlhte hmangin lakkhawma 2% formalin tuiah chiaha phum bo zel tur.
• Pangang thite hi sava emaw arin emaw an ei tur a ni lo.

Tho râng (Uzi fly) – Exorista sorbillans

Pangang a tihchhiat dan:

Muga pangang tichhetu pui ber a ni. Thorang hi pangang vunah a tui thin a. A tui chu a lo keu a, pangnag kawchhungah lut nghalin pangnag tisa chuan a inchawm lian thin. Pangang chhunga a lung (maggot) chu a puitlin hunah lo vak chhuakin lei keh karah emaw Grainage chhuat kar velah a vak lut a, buhchiumah changin tho puitling a lo piang chhuak leh thin. Pangnag kaw chhunga a awmlai hian pangnag chu a thi hman thin a, thi hman lova cocoon a siam a nih chuan Cocoon chhhungah tho lung hi a awn a, cocoon ti chhiain pawnah a lo chhuak thin.

A awm duh hun: Kumtluanin a awm thei nain December leh March inkar vel hian a tam duh.

A enkawl dan:

• Thorang hluar hunlai (December – March) vel chuan Pangang khawina thing chu thosilen liana khuh tur a ni. Hei hian za zela 80-90 chu a chhanhim ang.
• Pangang len tawh hnuah, pangang vunah thorang tui hmuh a nih chuan, forcep hmanga paih theih a ni.
• Pangang khawi laiin a hmunhma chu a fai tha tur a ni a, bleaching powder theh darh tur a ni.
• Thorang tui pai tawh pangangte chu hmun hranah a hrangin Cocoon siamtir tur a ni.
• Thorang tui pai pangang siam Cocoon chu seng khawm atanga ni 4 na emaw ni 5 na emaw ah stifle tur.
• Thorang lung emaw buhchium emaw hmuh chuan, lakkhawma tihhlum tur.
• Pangang, thorang tui tam tak paite chu lakkhawm a nasa deuha hal hlum tur.

Apanteles (Apanteles stantoni)

Pangang a tih chhiat dan:  Pangang tet laiin a khawi ber. Apanteles chu pangang thawkna kuaah, a kawchhungah a zu tui a. A lung chu a lo puitlin hunah pangnag vun pawn lamah buhchium a rawn inseam ta thin a ni.

A awm duh hun:  Nipui lai leh thlasiklaiin a tam duh.

A enkawl dan:

• Pangnag khawi laiin those lena khuh a tha.
• Pangnag khawina hmun chu a fai tha tur a ni a, bleaching powder phul vek bawk tur a ni.
• Apanteles rannungin a khawih Pangangte chu lakkhawma tihral tur.

Maimawm (Spiders):

  Maimawm hian pangnag tet buchip laiin a ei thin.

Khuai (Vespa orientalis)

Khuai zu nei lo chi a ni a, June atanga September thla thleng hian a tam duh bik a. Pangang la tet laiin a thiar bo hnem thei hle. Pangang khawina vela khuai bu reng reng tihchhiat zel tur a ni a. Pangnag note te chu those lena khuh zel tur a ni.

Fanghmir sen (Red ants):

Fanghmir sen ho hi Muga pangang khawitu ten an buaipui thei hle. Pangang vawi khat inlip hmain a khawih ber. Fanghmir sen avanga hloh hi 5-10% vel a tling thei. Rogor (insecticide) in, Pangang khawi hma ni 15 velah a hmunhma vel chu kah tur a ni a. Tin, fanghmir sen bur eng reng chu paih bo/ halral zel a tha.

Khau (Grass hopper):

Pangnag vawi khat inlip tawh leh vawi hnih inlip tawhte a khawih ber.  Khau hian a khawih chhe tam lem lo.

Eri Silk Pangang natna leh tichhe tu rannungte

Pebrine

A awmtirtu:Protozoan- Nosema sp.

A awm duh hun:Khaw lum hun laiin.

A natna lan chhuah dan

A tet laiin:  Pebrine natna vei pangang note te chuan awm dan danglam an nei lem lo. En lennaa pangang tisa te en chauhvin natna hrik an pai leh pai loh a hriat theih a ni.

A len hnuah:  Pangnagin chaw a ei tha duh lo va, a inlen hleih zung thin a, a thang thei lo va, a inlip a mumal lo va, a taksa a lo dang bei thin.

Natna a kai dan:

Phengphehlep puiin a tuiah hri hi a pe chhawng thin. Hei hi primary infection an ti. Primary infection-ah chuan pangang chu vawi thum a inlip hmain a thi zo deuh vek hman a. Cocoon siam tur a awm ngai lo. Pangang hrisel tha pangngaiin, pangang a nih laia a kai thar chuan secondary infection  an ti a. Secondery infection-ah hian vawi thum inlip hnu lama kai thar an nih chuan Cocoon chhe te te a sim hram hman thei a. Vawi li inlip hnua kai tharte chuan Cocoon tha tak a siam zo hman thin.

Natna  a kai theihna te:

A tui a nih laiin

• A thlahtu atangin
• A tuitirna hmanrua atangin.
• Grainage hmanruate atangin.

Pangang a nih laiin

• A tuitirna Kharika –ah natna hrik a lo awma a kai palhin.
• A thlahtu atanga a lo kai tawhin.
• Natna vei tawhte sulhnu atanga a hrik a kaiin.
• Natna veite ek atangin.
• Hnahah a hri a lo awmin.
• A khawina inah a hri a lo awmin
• A khawina hmanruaah a hri a lo awmin.

Phengphehlep a nih laiin

• A chi tur cocoon, natna hri pai lei a nihin
• Natna hrik pai phengphehlep dang atangin
• A chi siamna hmanruaah hri a lo la awmin
• Phengphehlep me lengvel atangin
• A chi siamna hmuna boruak khu atangin

A hri darh dan:

An hnah eiah hri a lo awm tawh chuan an kai thei a, hnah chhe lutuk ei avangin ankai thei bawk. Hri veite chuan an taksa atang tui lo chhuak chu hnahah te, thlangraah te an tih kai avangin chu chu a dangin awlsam tein an kai leh thin a ni. Pangang lian tawh hnah no te tea chawm avang te, khaw awm dan inthlak thut thut avang ten he natna hi an lo vei thei bawk.

A enkawl dan

• Pangnag tui natna laka filimte chauh khawi tur, a khawina hmun pawh a thianghlim tur a ni.
• A khawina tur hmun chu 2% formalin in kah hmasak zet zel tur.
• Khawi hmasakin natna a lo vei tawh anih chuan Damdawia kah thianghlim bakah 0.3% slaked lime in a khawina in chhung leh pawnte pawh phul vek tur.
• A khawina in chhung chu a khat tawkin uluk taka enfiah tur. Pangang hri vei mek emaw rinhlelhawm deuhte chu lakkhawma 5% Formalin ah chiah a, phum bo tur.
• Pangang khawih dawn apiangin kut chu fai takin formalin tuiin sil zel tur a ni.
• A khawina in chhung chu hrisel leh felfai taka vawn tur.
• Pangang lian tawh chu hnah no pek tawh loh tawp tur.

Rannung (Insect Pests)

Mulberry leh Muga silk pangang ang lo takin, eri silk pangang tan hian rannung lam hi chu an hnawksak lem lo. Tho rang ven nan tukverh leh kawngkapuia len zar a tha. Dan naranin Thirang hi hnah lawh dah khawm zingah a lo tel thin a. Chuvangin, hnah lawhsa dahna hi pindan hranpa neih nise a tha.

Oak Tasar Silk Pangnag Natna leh tichhetu Rannungte:

Natna (Diseases)

Silk pangang dangte ang bawkin Bacterial leh Viral disease te tam tak a nei.

A enkawl dan

• In chu a chhunga bungrua nen 5% formalin leh 5% Bleaching powder a kah a, kawngkha leh tukverh te ni 2-3 chhung khar tur.
• Pangang khawi hma ni 7-10 velah thingte chu 5% bleaching powder a kah tur a ni. Tin, pangang khawihma bawk ni 1-2 velah 0.02-0.05% sodium hypochlorite (NaClo) in kah bawk tur.
• Pangangte chuan an len dan ang mil zelin hnah no leh hnah chang an ei tur a ni.
• Tasar Keet Oushad (TKO) a inlip zawh ni khat leh zankhat hnuah hetiang hian hman thin tur.

Tho râng (Uzi fly) –

Exorista sorbillans

Tasar silk pangang ti chhe rannung lar ber a ni.

A awm duh hun:Kum tluanin a awm mai.

A tih dan tur

• Pangnag chu nylon thosilen hnuaiah dah tur.
• Vawi 2 inlip hnuah 3% bleaching powder in kah tur a ni a, vawi 4 inlip hnuah vawi hnih kah leh tur.
• Pangang khawina hmun bul velah bawng vulhna a awm tur a ni lo.
• Natnain nasa taka a khawih pangangte chu hal ral tur a ni.

Hei hian natna dang leh rannung dang te pawh a huam a ni.

Blephasipa zebina

He rannung hi pangang taksaah 30-40 velte a tui thin a. Ni 3 lekah lo keuvin pangang kawchhungah a lut a a ei hlum thin a ni. A luh atang ni 10-12 velah a lo chhuak leh a, October leh November thla velah an hluar duh hle.

Xanthopimpla predator

Hei hi thosi ang taka ni a, a eng niin 2-2.5 cm vela sei a ni. A nu chuan hriau ang deuha thil zum sei deuh a nei a. Chu chu pangang taksaah vit lutin a kawchhungah a zu tui thin a ni. Pangang kaw chhungah a in chawm lian a a lo chhuak leh thin. November atanga January thla velah a hluar duh bik.

Cauthecona furcellata

He rannung hi 15 mm a lian a ni a, a eng deuh a ni. A luah hriau ang deuh sei tak a nei a chumi hmang chuan a tui thin. A lung chuan pangang kawchhung tuiril a hip thin.

Oecophylla smargdina

He fanghmir hian pangnag note te chu a pub ova a she hlum thin.
Heng bakah hian, sava  te, uifawm te pawhin Tasar pangang hi an ei thin.

A enkawl dan:

Rannung thahna (insecticides emaw pesticides) hman ngam a ni lo va, silk pangang pawhin a huat tlat avangin. A ven dan tha ber chu heng rannungte ven leh thah thin hi a ni mai.

Source:

• Mizoram Sericulture, 2006, Published by Department of Sericulture, Aizawl, Mizoram.
• Sasaw Maimaw Pangang Khawitute Thian, 2009, Published by Department of Sericulture, Aizawl, Mizoram.