Mulberry Cocoons sawngbawl dan
1. Bivoltine Silk Reeling Technology for Reeling International Grade Raw Silk from CSR
Hybrid.
Raw Silk hlawk tak leh quality tha tak thar chhuak tur chuan a raw material, Reeling Machinery te, Thiamna leh tui (Water) te hi an pawimawh hle a. Cocoon tha kan thar chhuah hian nasa takin Raw Silk siamnaah a pui a ni. A la deh chhuak tur pawh hian kan hmanrua leh khawl tha kan hman a tul hle bawk a ni.
India rama Bivoltine Sericulture technology tih hmasawn nan Central Silk Board leh Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) te chu inthlunzawmin, Japan chuan kum 1991 khan ‘Bivoltine Sericulture Technology’ project hi a lo kalpui tawh a ni. Heng kan raw material te hi ti changtlung turin Central Sericultural Research & Training Instiitute (CSRTI) Mysore leh JICA a Scientist leh mithiam rualte chuan Bivoltine Hybrid (CSR Race) Cocoon tha bikte chu an thlang chhuak a. Chutih rualin CSRTI, Bangalore leh JICA-a scientist leh mi thiam bik thenkhat ten CSR Race bivoltine Cocoon atang chuan International Superior grade Raw Silk siam chhuak thei tura kan khawl leh hmanruate tihhmasawn a nih theih nan ‘Multi end Reeling Machinery package’ hi an lo thlang chhuak ve mek bawk a. He package hi CSRTI, CSB Bangalore te puihna hnuaiah JICA chuan Kum 1992 leh 1997 inkar khan an lo kalpui a ni.
CSR Race Bivoltine hybrid cocoons te hian that bikna riau an nei a. Heng bivoltine cocoon te hi an la zai a sei bik a, la zai kaih chhuah a awl zawk mai bak-ah shell ratio an nei tha a. Tin, heng cocoon atanga kan hmuh Raw Silk-te hi Neatness % a tha a, degumming loss % pawh a nei tlem a ni.
1. Drying of Cocoons
Cocoon tih ro nan hot air dryer hman nise. Buhchium tihhlum leh boruak hnawng te lak chhuah mai bakah lazai a Sericin te tihro nan cocoon tihro hi a pawimawh em em a ni. Hot Air drying hi Batch type emaw Ushnakoti emawin a tih theih a ni.
Hot Air drying tih laia a sat zawng leh a hun bi te chu:
Temperature Duration
115oC 60 Minutes
100oC 60 Minutes
85oC 60 Minutes
70oC 60 Minutes
55oC 60 Minutes
Duhthusama cocoon-te a ro that loh chuan an mamawh dan azirin temperature 70oC emaw 60oC vela tihro that leh tur a ni.
2. Cocoon Storage : (Cocoon dahthat dan)
Cocoon kan tihrote chu la deh chhuah a lo awlsam zawk theih nan, ni 7-10 vel chu thunun ni sela. Cocoon ur ro tawhte chu pindan fai leh ro tha takah dah tur a ni a. Pindan chungah hian temperature 20oC vel ni sela, pindan pawn lamah 55% ni thei se duhthusam a ni.
3. Cocoon Sorting (Cocoon tha thlan)
La zai mumal taka hlum chhuah awih theih nan cocoon tha thlan hi a pawimawh hle a ni. Cocoon tha lo kan tih cocoon phir te, inhlum tha lo te, rannungin a ei chhiat te, cocoon hnawng leh pianto tha mumal lo hote chu la hlum chhuahna atan an tlak loh a, dah hran tur a ni.
4. Cocoon mixing
Cocoon pianto tha leh la zai len zawng in angte chu hmun khatah dah khawm tur a ni.
5.Cocoon Cooking:
Bivoltine cocoon chhum nan three pan cooking leh Circular type Pressurised Cocoon Cooking machine te hman an ni.
5.1 Three pan cooking using cooking cage:
1) Cocoon kan dahna bawm chu a hmasain ccoking pan pakhatnaah tui 50-55oC-a saah chuan 45-60 seconds chiah tur a ni a.
2) Cocoon kan dahna bawm chu cooking pan pahnihnaah kan sawn ang a, tui chu 90-
93 oC niin 90-120 seconds chhung dah tur a ni.
3) Cooking pan pathumnaah chuan cocoon dahna bawm chu second 45-60 vel tui 60-
65 oC a saah kan chiah leh ang a.
4) Cocoon bawm chu cooking pan pahnihnaah kan dah let leh ang a, tui chu 95-96 oC a
sa ni sela, second 90-120 chhung chiah leh tur a ni a.
5) Chumi hnu chuan tui hu chu tih tawp a tui vawtin second 10 vel theh huh ni sela.
6) Cocoon bawm chu hawn a, cocoon chu cooking pan-ah chuan dah ni sela. Cocoon
rawn lang zawng chu tui hu tel lovin second 30 vel thleng awng siar siar (perforated) a nem tur a ni a, tin tui hu telin second 30-45 nem bawk tur a ni.
7) Cooking pan-a tui hu luh theihna chu tih tawp a, a sa lutuk tur tih daih nan cocoon te
chu 70-80 oC vel thleng tui vawta theh thet thet ni se.
8) Tichuan Cocoon chu Reeling basin ah sawn tawh mai tur a ni.
Cocoon tam zawk chhum nan chuan Circular pressurizes cooking machine hman a ni a.
A hman dan/tih dan chu hetiang hi a ni.
1) Cocoon chhumna tur belah chuan tui chanvein dah tur a ni a.
2) Cocoon rote chu bawmrang (basket) ah dah tur a ni a.
3) Belah chuan tuihu kal tirin tui chu 70-75 oC a sain dah ni se.
4) Tichuan cocoon basket chu belah second 45-60 vel chiah tur a ni.
5) Cocoon basket chu tui chim chung chiahah khai kangin 90-120 second chhung tui
hu a ur tur a ni.
6) Basket chu tui 70-75 oC a saah chuan 60-90 seconds chiah leh tur a ni a.
7) Zawi zawia in chiah hnu chuan cocoon chu tui chim chin chungah dah lehin
temperature 80 oC velah dah tur a ni a. Hetih rual hian tui sat zawng hi 970 oC a lo ni tawh dawn a ni.
8) Cocoon chu tui chim chin chungah chuan tui huin kan ur leh ang a, tin, a tui chin chu
97-98 oC a sain 90-125 seconds chhung kan chhum leh dawn a ni.
9) Hetia kan chhum zawh hian tui 97 oC a saah cocoon chu 60-90 seconds chhung kan
chiah leh ang.
10) Tichuan tui hu rawn luhna chu tihpin a, bel chu hawn tawh mai tur a ni.
11) Temperature chu 97 oC atanga 75 oC a dah hniam a nih theih nan tui vawta minute
4-6 vel theh huh tur a ni.
12) Tichuan basket atangin cocoon te chu la chhuakin tui 40 oC ah dah tur a ni a.
13) Kan cocoon chhumte 80 oC ah lakchhuah a Reeling basin ah dah tawh mai tur a ni.
6) Brushing
Cocoon chhum sa chu 80 oC temperature velah khuih fai tur a ni.
7) Reeling :
Bivoltine cocoon te hi Raw Silk grade tha tak kan siam chhuah thei nan Multi end Reeling Machine hman theih ni se. Chumi atana pawimawh te chu:
8) Water Quality
La hlum chhuah nana tui kan hman chu:
9) Re-reeling:
La kan hlum chhuahte chu mumal zawkin kan hlum tha leh tur a ni a. Re-reeling kan tih hlum hian a chak zawng chu 150-18 mtr/min ni se la. Re-reeling kan tih lai hian tui huh leh bal kai tur lakah kan fimkhur tur a ni a, chu bakah la chhum a awm chu uluk taka zawm thin tur a ni.
Re-reeling tih lai hian temperature 35 oC-40 oC leh relative humidity 40-45% in kan vawng tur a ni.
10) Finishing of Silk
A. Lacing and skeining.
Lacing kan tih chuan kan la hlum chhuah sa chu a hnawk lohna turin hmun 6 (ruk) velah Cotton la hmangin Silk la chu mumal takin kan thliar hrang (a mitna kan siam) tur a ni.
Re-reeled Silk te chu bal kai lo turin kan tifai ang a. Lacing te Skeining leh Book making kan tih lai hian la zai a chhum lohna turin kan fimkhur zual tur a ni. Kan laced silk te chu skeining machine hmangin Silk tel (hawk) chu kan thlep ang a, tichuan khawl hmang chuan kan hlum (skein) mai dawn a ni.
B. Long skeining and book making
Silk la chu a hnawk loh nan leh mumal taka dah a nih theih nan long skeining leh long skein book making tih hi a tul a ni.
Multivoltine Mulberry Cocoon sawngbawl dan :
Multivoltine Cocoon hi Bivoltine hybrid cocoon aiin a pan a, ala hlum a thawl zawka, la a dek chhuak tlem zawk a ni. Raw Silk tha leh hlawk taka siam chhuak tur chuan raw material, reeling process parameter, skill and tuite hi an pawimawh em em a. Heng zingah hian Cocoon tha hian hmun pawimawh tak a luah a ni.
Hemi chungchang atan hian CSRTI, CSB chuan hlawk tak leh tha zawka Raw Silk kan siam chhuah theih nan hmanrua tha leh changkang zawk hmang turin ‘Multi End Reeling Machinery Package’ a rawn duang chhuak a ni.
1. Cocoon Quality
Raw Silk tha tak deh chhuah nan Multibivoltine Cocoon shell ratio 16% leh a chunglam reelability 70% leh a chunglam nei ni se. Tin, cocoon len zawng in ang lo ho chu chawhpawlh tur a ni lo.
2. Drying of Cocoons
1) Reel hma a rei tak cocoon dahthat dan :
Cocoon kan reel hmaa rei tak kan dah that duh chuan cocoon tihro hmasak phawt tur a ni a. Cocoon kan tih ro chhan hi buhchium tihlum mai bakah Cocoon kawra Sericin rual khai taka a tihkhal theih nan leh amahah tui hu awmte tihkianna atan a ni a. Tin cocoon ur ro hian fungus in a tih chhiatna tur lakah a veng bawk a ni. Cocoon ur ro nan Batch type hot air drier emaw Ushnakoti hman a ni.
Batch type hot air drier hmanga cocoon tih ro dan chu:
Temperature Duration
110oC 45-60 minutes
100oC 45-60 minutes
85oC 60 minutes
70oC 60 minutes
55oC 60 minutes
Optimum degree of drying hi kan sample cocoon shell ratio atangin hetiang formula hian a hriat theih a.
Optimum degree of drying % = 100-shell ratio + shell ratio%
4
Cocoon chu duh ang tawka tih ro awih loh chuan darkar ½ chung kan mamawh dan azirin temperature 70-60oC ah tih ro leh tur a ni.
2.2 Drying of Cocoons for reeling without storage
Cocoon hi kar khat hnu lawkah reel tur a nih pawhin tih ro thuak tho tur a ni a. Chumi atana temperature leh duration kan mamawh dan chu.
Temperature Duration
110oC-100 oC 45-60 minutes
100oC- 90 oC 45-60 minutes
Cocoon ro tawhte chu ni hnih/thum chhung dah hran/thunnun hnuah Reel tur a pek tawh mai tur a ni.
4. Cocoon Storage (Cocoon Vawn that dan
Cocoon hi duh hun huna hmuh theih a nih loh avangin hun rei tak chhung vawn that hi a pawimawh hle a.
CSRTI in an lo experience tawh angin Cocoon kan tih ro hnuah reel tura pek hma in ni 2-7 chhung vawn that/thunun ni sela, chubakah ni 7-10 chhung hot air dried cocoon te kan thunun chuan hei hian nasa takin la hlum chhuahnaah a pui a ni. Cocoon rei tak dahthat ngai lo ho chu Wire mesh Rack ah pan tein chap dauh tur a ni a. Cocoon chu a hnawn avangin fungus-in a tih chhiat loh nan cocoon dahna rack chu pindan hul tha takah dah tur a ni.
Cocoon rei tak dahthat a nih dawn chuan amaha hnawng awmte chu tihro phawt tur a ni a. Kan Cocoon dah thatna in chu bang inthuahin brick rem tur a ni a. A inkarah thermocol dah a cement-a zut phui leh tur a ni. Hei hian sik leh sa mumal takin a vawng dawn a ni. A bang chhung lam chu Wire Mesh a khuh tur a ni a. A luhnaah kawngka inthuaha siam tur a ni a, hei hian room chhunga boruak chhuak tur a veng a ni. Pindan chhung hi rannung laka ven a nih theih nan Chloropirin hmanga sil fai thin tur a ni.
Cocoon dahna pindan chhungah chuan temperature leh humidity 25oC leh 55 oC aia sang loin vawn tlat tur a ni a. Temperature hi 25 oC aia a san chuan room chhung ah tui hu a insiam ang a, cocoon quality a khawih danglam dawn a ni. Chu tih rualin pindan chhung humidity chu 60 oC aia a san chuan buhchiumina tuihu a pai leh boruak a tuihu awmte chu a lo in thlau ang a, Cocoon chu fungus in a ti chhe mai dawn a ni.
4. Cocoon Sorting (Cocoon tha thlan dan)
Cocoon pianto tha lo chuan la hlum chhuah leh la zai quality a khawih danglam a. Chumi avang chuan Cocoon pianto tha lote chu dah hran tur a ni. Cocoon kan thliar hran dawn hian pindan thimah cocoon sorting table hmang thliar hran tur a ni a, la zai duang tha tak deh chhuak tur chuan heng cocoon pianto tha lo kan tih ho hi dah hran tur a ni. Cocoon phir, Cocoon pan lutuk te, Cocoon thawl, Cocoon sawng deuh te, Cocoon hnawng te, Uzifly ei chhiat te.
Cocoon pianto tha lo ho chu awlsam taka thlan chhuah a nih theih nan CSRTI chuan man tlawm takin Cocoon-Sorting table chu a duang chhuak a. Cocoon sorting table hi kil li neiin a chungah glass a inphah a, a hnuaiah fluorescent tube a in vuah bawk a. Chumi hmang chuan awlsam takin cocoon tha leh tha lo chu a thlan chhuah theih mai a ni.
5. Cocoon mixing (Cocoon thlan pawlh)
Cocoon chu la hlum chhuah theih zat leh a zai len zawngte atangin a thlan pawlh theih a. Cocoon thlan pawlh tur lak khawm chu la zai sei zawng len zawng a zirin a in ang te chu dah pawlh mai tur a ni a, in ang lo erawh chu dah fin tur a ni lo.
6. Cocoon Cooking (Cocoon chhum)
Cocoon chhum kan tih chu cocoon pawn lam leh chhung lam cocoon atanga awlsam taka la kan hlum chhuah theih nan leh Cocoon pawn lamah rual khai taka sericin tih nem a nih theih nana tuia a chhung lam leh pawn lam kan chiah huh hi a ni.
1. Pressing disc for Open Pan Cooking
Open pan method chu Cocoon chhumna a cocoon chhum a that zawkna atan pressing dise (thleng nemna) CSRTI in a siam chhuah leh pawm awm a tih ani a.
A hman dan chu hetiang hi ani.
1. Open pan Cooking Vessels (Cocoon chhumna bel) ah chuan Cocoon dahin 85-90 oC temperature ah thleng nemna (pressing dise) hmang chuan tuiah 60 seconds hnim pil tur a ni.
2. Cocoon chhumna bel mawng thleng hnim pilin 93-96 oC temperature ah 60-12 seconds thleng dah tur a ni.
3. Tichuan cocoon chu a chhumna bel chung lamah dah chho in tui vawt a 93-96 oC atanga 85-90 oC second 60 chhung theh huh hnu ah reel tur a lak chhuah tur a ni.
2. Two pan Cooking using CSRTI Cocoon cooking cage
Two pan cooking using CSRTI cocoon cooking Cage kan tih chuan temperature sang leh hniam hmanga minute 5-7 chhung cocoon chhum hi ani. A hman dan Temperature leh duration chu hetiang hi a ni.
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Sl. |
1st Plan |
2nd Plan |
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1 |
Temperature 55 oC a 45 second chhung chiah tur ani |
90 oC temperature ah second 60-90 |
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2. |
65-70 oC for 45-60 seconds |
95-96 oC for 60-90 seconds |
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Second 60chhung ur loh ah dah tur |
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75-90 seconds tui vawt a theh tur temperature 80 oC |
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80 oC temperature ah cocoon phiah fai tur. |
3. Three pan Cooking using CSRTI Cocoon Cooking Cage
Multiviltine Coocon tha taka chhumna atan three pan Cooking an tih hi hman tur a ni a. Three pan Cooking hman dan chu hetiangin :
- First Cooking pan (Cocoon chhumna bel khatna) ah cocoon chu temperature 50-55 oC a dahin 45-60 seconds cocoon chu chhum tur a ni.
- Cocoon chhumna bel hnihna ah Cocoon chu temperature 90-93 ah second 90-120 dah leh tur a ni.
- Cocoon dahna bawm (Cage) chu third pan (belthumna) ah chuan temperature 60-65 oC ah 45-60 seconds chhung dah leh tur a ni.
- Cocoon dahna bawm chu a chhumna bel hnihna ah temperature 95-96 oC ah 60-90 seconds dah let leh tur a ni.
- Chumi hnuah Cocoon cage chu second 10 chhung tui vawt a theh tur a ni.
- Tichuan cocoon cage hawngin cocoon chu cooking pan ah dah leh tur ani a. Cocoon lang ho (Floating Coocons) chu thleng nemna a awng chi (perforated pressing plate)hmangin second 30 steam lo in dah hnu ah second 30-45 steam ah dah leh tur a ni.
- Cocoon chumna bel a steam pekchhuahna chu tihtawp hnuah tui vawtin cocoon chu tih huh a temperature 70-80 oC a awm tura siam tur a ni.
- Cocoon chu temperature 75-80 oC ah dahin reeling basin (a hlumna be)ah dah tawh tur a ni.
7. Reeling (la hlum chhuah)
India ramah chuan reeling hi hmanlai atang tawhin, Charka, Coltage basin/domestic basins leh CSRTI multi end reeling machine te hman a ni a. CSRTI chuan kan ram nena inmil turin Multi End Reeling machine chu a ti changtlung / Siamtha/ Hmasawn a.
7.1 Multi End Reeling
La zai/duang tha tak siam nan CSRTI Multi end reeling machine hi hman tur a ni a. Multi Eng Reeling machine chuan hengte hi a nei a ni.
- Reel speed – 100-120 meters/minutes
- Croissure length – 8-10 cms.
- Reeling basin with – 40 oC
Water Temperature - Good quality reeling button with appropriate hole size developed by CSRTI
7.2 Mixed Cocoon reeling principle
8. Water Quality
CSRTI a zirna atangin a hnuai a kan tarlante hi kan hlum chhuahna atan a kan tui hman tur te chu hetiang hi a ni.
Standards for Water quality for Reeling
| Water | Standard | Range |
|---|---|---|
| ph : At Room Temperature | 7 | 6.6-7.6 |
| ph : At boiling | 8.6 | 8.4-9.2 |
| Audity (ppm) | 1 | 0-10 |
| m-Alkalinity (ppm) | 27 | 15-80 |
| Total hardness (ppm) | 80 | 70-90 |
| Electric conductionty (/cm) | 70 | 38-350 |
Water quality hi CSRTI deh sub units ah te plastic can thianghlim takah litre 1 dahin a list theih ani. Tin (Oupon-WSC) chemical CSRTI water softening chemicals hmangin a list theih bawk a. Chumai bakah CSRTI thurawn na hnuaiah reelers ten tha taka la an hlum chhuah theihnan water softening chemicals (Oupon-WSC) an hmang thei bawk ani.
9. Reel Permeation
Silk la duang chu Re-reel hmaa tihhuh leh tur a ni a. Hei hian silk la inkara gum (sericin) awmte chu a tinemin silk la kaih a tiawlsam a ni. SCRTI chuan awlsam taka hetianga tih a nih theih nan Vacumm permeation chamber, 20 reel lenga siam chhuak a ni.
Reel permeation chamber-ah cuan welting agent hmangin pressure hniam te (vacuum upto 300mm Hg to 400mm Hg) ah small reel te chu tuiah a chiah a, Permeation hi Vacumm (boruak awm lohna hmun ruak) a dah a chhuah tir leh hi a ni a. Hetiang hian vawithum tinawn tur a ni.
10.Re-reeling
Re-reeling machine ah hian te tak te tea silk la kan reel te chu standard size skein in kan reel nawn leh a. Re-reeling machine leh a hnathawh dan hian silk la tha thar chhuahah nasa takin a hril a ni.
CSRTI a zirna atangin a hnuaia kan tarlante hi Re-reeling speed leh raw silk denier kan neih theihte chu a ni.
Size Speed of normal re-reeling machine
14d 150+ 10 rpm
21d 160+ 10 rpm
27d 150+ 10 rpm
42d 130+ 10 rpm
Tin Re-reeling kan tih lai a temperature deh humidity chu hetiang hi a ni.
Temperature Humidity
20-30oC 65+ 5% in the reeling station
35-40oC 40+ 5% in the reeling station
11. Silk finishing
Raw Silk kan re-reel te chu mumal taka tel (bundle) a, (packed) tuam tur a ni.
11.1 Lacing
Silk la duang te chu cotton la in hmun rukah thliar hrana mit tur a ni.
Silk la hmawr chu la zai hlum dawna awlsam taka zawn hmuh a nih theih nan a bul leh tawp lam chu cotton laa tawn tur a ni. Re-reeled silk te chu bawlhlawh a kai loh nan silk la tichhe loin kuta tihfai tur a ni a. Lacing tih lai hunte, tih fai laite leh Book making tih lai hian la a chhum loh nan fimkhur tur a ni.
11.2 Skeining and Book making
Silk la te invet buai lo leh uluk taka silk la duangte remkhawm a nih theih nan ; Book making machine’ hman a ni CSRTI chuan reeler ten awlsam leh tlawm zawk a hman tura a duan chhuah a ni. He khawl hmang hian la duang sei tak tak te kha felfai takin 5kgs zelin a siam chhuah theih a ni.
Kan mamawh raw silk grade sang tak kan thar chhuah theihna turin CSB chuan Department of Sericulture, State Governemnt te thawh puiin Multi End Reeling technology package hi a kalpui a, centrally sponsored CDP scheme under 7, 10 and 11 hmangin Multi End Reeling Machine Zanga (500) lai a bun a ni. Heng Multi end Reeling Machine a bunte hi a hlawhtlingin, hna tha tak a thawh mai bakah International grade raw Silk a siam chhuak a ni.